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St. Louis Baseball and the Civil War: The Empires Challenge The City

7/7/2014

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Base Ball Challenge - The Empire Club desires friendly match for a ball, with any nine players selected from city.  This challenge is open for one month.  Any communications respecting the above will be directed to the Secretary of the Club.

L.P. Fuller, President
John W. Williams, Secretary E.B.B. Club

-Missouri Republican, August 13, 1861
Three days before the Empire's challenge was published in the Republican, the Battle of Wilson's Creek was fought.  The first major battle of the Western Theater, the battle is remembered, at least by me, for the death of Nathaniel Lyon, who was the first Union general killed in action during the war. 

I have nothing but admiration and respect for Lyon and consider him to be one of the forgotten heroes of the war.  At a time when his country needed him, Lyon was forceful and resolute in the defense of the Union.  Without his actions at the beginning of the war, the Union very well could have lost St. Louis and control of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.  The actions of Lyons at St. Louis and Boonville and Grant at Cairo and Paducah may very well have won the Civil War in the West in the opening months of the war.  
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St. Louis Baseball and the Civil War: This Means War

6/30/2014

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A match game of base ball was played on Thursday afternoon at Gamble Lawn, between the Excelsior Junior and Commercial Junior, which resulted in the defeat of the former - the score being, Excelsrior Junior, 12; Commercial Junior, 24.  David Tatum, umpire.

-Missouri Republican, June 15, 1861
As the 1861 baseball season continued in St. Louis, things were falling apart in Missouri.  After Camp Jackson, a sort of truce had been established between the Union forces in St. Louis, led  by Nathaniel Lyon, and the pro-Confederate forces in Missouri, led by Gov. Jackson and Sterling Price.  On June 11, a meeting was held in St. Louis at the Planter's Hotel, between Jackson, Price, Lyon and Frank Blair.  At the meeting, Jackson demanded that Federal forces remain in St. Louis and all other pro-Union forces in the state be disbanded.  Lyon's reaction to this was recorded in Thomas Snead's The Fight for Missouri:
"Rather," said [Lyon,] (he was still seated, and spoke deliberately, slowly, and with a peculiar emphasis) "rather than concede to the State of Missouri the right to demand that my Government shall not enlist troops within her limits, or bring troops into the State whenever it pleases, or move its troops at its own will into, our of, or through the State; rather than concede to the State of Missouri for one single instant the right to dictate to my Government in any matter however unimportant, I would" (rising as he said this, and pointing in turn to every one in the room) "see you, and you, and you, and you, and you, and every man, woman, and child in the State, dead and buried."  Then turning to the Governor, he said: "This means war.  In an hour one of my officers will call for you and conduct you out of my lines."
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Lyons promised war and war he would give them.  Jackson and Price returned to Jefferson City, only to abandon the state capitol when they decided that they could not hold it.  Lyons followed with Union forces and met them at Boonville, Missouri.  The First Battle of Boonville was fought on June 17 and resulted in a clear victory for Lyon and the Union forces.  As a result of this victory, the Union gained control of the state capitol and, more importantly, the Missouri River.  

Lyon's actions in May and June stopped Missouri from joining the Confederacy.  The state would continue to be a battleground throughout the war but Lyon had saved St. Louis and Missouri for the Union.  
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St. Louis Baseball and the Civil War: Preparations For War

6/16/2014

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The Call For Volunteers
The Arsenal seems to have been the attraction for some time past, and thousands have gone there to see the preparations for war.  The first battle to be fought this season in this place will be between the married and single men of the Commercial, Cyclone and Morning Star Base Ball Clubs, at Lafayette Park, this afternoon at 3 o'clock.  The nine selected on each side are first rate players, and we have no doubt but the game will be highly exciting, and we would advise those who are fond of this sport to go to the Park and witness the game.  The married men will no doubt take their wives along, and we think it nothing more than right that the young ladies should go out and encourage the single men with their divine presence.  Seats for the accommodation of any number of persons will be prepared.

-Missouri Republican, May 7, 1861
On May 3, 1861, Lincoln made a second call for volunteers.  In April, he had called for 75,000 volunteers to serve in state militias for three months and this time he called for an additional 42,000 to serve for three years.  Lincoln's actions were of questionable legality but later in the summer the Congress passed a resolution approving them while also calling for 500,000 more volunteers.  The Union was quickly building what would become the most formidable military force in the world.  

On May 6, Arkansas and Tennessee seceded.   

The Arsenal, mentioned above, was the St. Louis Arsenal, which housed the largest supply of arms and ammunition in Missouri.  The Federal government had another arsenal in Liberty, Missouri, but it had been seized by pro-Confederate forces on April 20 and, if you remember, Basil Duke had planned to seize the St. Louis Arsenal in March.  To ensure the safety of the Union's property and that the Arsenal's arms did not fall into the hands of the enemy, Captain Nathaniel Lyons, who was temporarily in command of Union forces in St. Louis, had the stockpile of arms and ammunition transported across the river to Alton, Illinois.  
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The Arsenal
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